The human (cartoon) is represented by a 50 \(\Omega\) resistor above. The battery charges the capacitor which then acts as the power source (a capacitor will discharge fast). Let us now present a circuit that we believe will be good for our simple defibrillator.Ī circuit for a simple defibrillator. With this we can simulate our human to be about a 50 \(\Omega\) resistor.
#Macspice source code movie#
A punctured human is about a 500 \(\Omega\) resistor.Old defibrillator concept inserted the lead into the human to reduce the resistance.Better but still pretty large and this sounds dangerous.A wet human is about a 1000 \(\Omega\) resistor.Of course, we could open the patient and apply the paddles directly to the heart which was done in the past, but let's not go back to the past.the future is brighter if we want it to be.
#Macspice source code skin#
In order to make the defibrillator work we would burn the patient (in direct skin contact) at this resistance.A dry human is about a 100,000 \(\Omega\) resistor.Outlined below are some real world considerations. Since a defibrillator would be used on a human, we will need to simulate the human as a resistor. Since the somewhat square wave form of the biphasics will need additional circuitry that will obscure the programming message we will produce a more monophasic circuit and simulation (though it is not quite monophasic either). In our simulation we will try and produce a wave form that emulates the defibrillator. A sketch of the wave forms are show above. The biphasic is considered to be more advanced but the monophasic is still used in situations where it is difficult to use the biphasic.Ī monophasic defibrillator just sends current one way through the paddles that are on different sides of the heart whereas the biphasic sends current both ways. Today there are two types of defibrillators in use: a monophasic and a biphasic defibrillator. Since the simple defibrillator can be modeled rather simply by an electrical circuit we will use that as an example for Spice. The device works by sending electric shocks to the heart, but why this works is still a matter of research. Scientists and engineers worked on various versions of the defibrillator in the early 1900s but the origins of the device we use today comes from an electrical engineering in the 1930s. Numerical methods course should be taken so you can understand these concepts.(hint)ĭefibrillators are an important medical device that resuscitates a stopped heart (in certain conditions).Transient analysis uses trapezoidal (or Gear if chosen) integration.Uses Newton-Raphson for non-linear components.Linear simultaneous equations ( How would we solve that in say Octave? You answer.).
Radiation was excluded because of laws that would make anything dealing with radiation a domain of the Department of Defense (DOD).Derived from CANCER (Computer Analysis of Non-linear Circuits, Excluding Radiation).Here we will give a historical outline of SPICE following along the lines of our other history for programs. SPICE stands for Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Emphasis. There are both paid for products and open source products all based off the original Spice program. It is the basis for all analog circuit simulators. In no way is learning html part of this course, it is just a means to an end herein. Within this discussion there is a small discussion on html to help demonstrate a point about another language.
#Macspice source code software#
This section deals with software that is used for hardware design or access.
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